AFP | 2023-08-25

TECOLUCA, El Salvador -- Salvadoran President Nayib Bukele's relentless war on gangs is steadily filling the cellblocks of a massive prison that may be Latin America's largest.

At the complex in Tecoluca, southeast of San Salvador the capital, dozens of inmates with shaved heads peer out of a single cellblock.

Standing out among the omnipresent white T-shirts and shorts are some heads and necks covered in dark tattoos.

AFP joined government human rights officials in late August in a rare tour of the prison, formally known as the Terrorism Confinement Center, almost exactly six months after its inauguration on February 24.

The massive prison has capacity for 40,000 inmates but now holds 12,114 accused gang members.

"We are persevering here day by day, trying to change with the help of our God," Jose Hurquilla Bonilla, a member of the Barrio 18 gang, said from inside a cell.

Humanitarian organizations have questioned the treatment of alleged gang members. The tens of thousands of detainees across the nation's prisons include at least 1,600 minors, the United Nations (UN) has noted critically.

The prison was built to hold some of the more than 72,000 alleged gang members detained under a state of emergency decreed in March 2022 by Congress at Bukele's request, in response to an escalation of violence that claimed 87 lives in just three days.

Authorities accuse nearly all Tecoluca prisoners of belonging to the violent rival Mara Salvatrucha (MS-13) and Barrio 18 gangs, which had their origins in the streets of Southern California four decades ago.

"When you are a child, anyone lies to you and sweetens you up, you fall into a mistake, and when you grow up... you realize it," says Nelson Velasquez, a 37-year-old prisoner with "MS-13" tattooed on his head.

Up to 75 inmates per cell

Velasquez spoke during a visit to the facility by El Salvador's human rights ombudsman, Raquel Caballero, and the country's human rights commissioner, Colombian national Andres Guzman.

Some 60 to 75 inmates live in each cell of about 100 square meters (1,000 square feet). They share two toilets and two sinks with running water for washing, as well as two containers with drinking water.

With his hands bound, dressed like the rest of the prisoners in a T-shirt, shorts, and a white mask, Velasquez said that he has already served two sentences for different crimes totaling 15 years but now awaits a new trial.

The prison cellblocks have a curved roof to ensure natural ventilation for the prisoners, as well as skylights, to illuminate a courtyard that separates the blocks.

Some inmates have gone free.

"To date, a few more than 7,000 have been released," Security Minister Gustavo Villatoro said Tuesday (August 22).

To build the prison, the state bought 166 hectares of land.

Consisting of eight cellblocks, the complex is surrounded by a 2.1km-long concrete wall, which stands 11 meters high, in addition to electrified wire fences.

'Food is insufficient'

After talking to inmates in different cells, Caballero, the human rights ombudsman, said that the inmates complained of a lack of food.

"They complain that the food is insufficient" and "that they are idle; they do nothing because they are locked up," Caballero told AFP.

The prison has dining rooms, rest areas, a gymnasium, and ping pong tables but only for the use of the guards.

There are also dark, windowless "punishment cells" for inmates who engage in misconduct. There are rooms for virtual court hearings so that prisoners do not have to leave the prison.

Inmates are not allowed visits from family members.

During the visit to the prison, Guzman asked the inmates about their situation in the cells and most of them said that water "is not lacking," but they asked for brooms and detergent for cleaning.

A doctor stated that water samples are taken daily and sent to a laboratory for testing for possible contamination.

Prisoners are divided in their opinions: some say they receive toothpaste, toothbrushes and soap on time, while others demand medicine for those suffering from terminal illnesses.

"There is much, much, much more work to do from a human rights standpoint for them, but we are doing well," Guzman said. He maintained that the prisoners "are in dignified conditions."

The human rights NGO Cristosal on the first anniversary of the state of emergency denounced 174 deaths of detainees under state custody, which it described as "a permanent measure of repression and human rights violations."

The UN has called for an investigation into the deaths.

The prison has a medical team of 50 personnel, including nurses and doctors, said Caballero.